Researchers at the University of Exeter have uncovered crucial clues that may explain why autism develops.
And paracetamol and vaccines have no connection to the condition, despite Donald Trump’s recent claims.
Early changes in the brain
The study indicates that autism may have its origins in brain development just weeks after conception.
The earliest stages of fetal growth appear to play a vital role in how the brain functions after birth.
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Epigenetic changes
Scientists examined epigenetic changes, which are chemical tags on DNA.
These tags control how genes are switched on or off, guiding the way brain cells develop and function.
DNA methylation as a key mechanism
A particular focus was on DNA methylation, a process that regulates gene activity.
Researchers analyzed nearly 1,000 donated human brains, ranging from six weeks after conception to 108 years of age.
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The importance of the cortex
The team concentrated on the cortex, the part of the brain responsible for thought, memory, perception, and behavior.
Healthy development of this region in early life is crucial for proper brain function later on.
Major changes before birth
Results revealed that DNA methylation undergoes dramatic changes before birth.
These changes reflect the activation of key biological pathways needed to build the brain’s fundamental structures.
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Genes linked to autism
Genes associated with autism and schizophrenia showed particularly dynamic changes during this early stage.
Disruptions in these processes may play a role in the development of these conditions.
Expert insights
Alice Franklin from the University of Exeter highlighted that neurodevelopmental disorders such as autism and schizophrenia may have roots very early in the brain’s life cycle.
She is the first author of the study and points out how brain chemistry can shape its function across a lifetime.
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Long-term perspective
Professor Jonathan Mill, who led the study, stated that the research provides a clearer picture of the biological processes behind brain development.
In the long run, this could pave the way for deeper insights into the mechanisms underlying autism.
No link to paracetamol
Claims that paracetamol use during pregnancy increases the risk of autism have been strongly rejected by experts.
Health authorities in the UK continue to stress that paracetamol remains the safest painkiller available to pregnant women.
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Vaccines are not a factor
The National Autistic Society also stresses that vaccines are not linked to autism. Decades of research have consistently shown no connection between the two.
Multiple genes involved
Existing evidence suggests that autism is not caused by a single gene.
Instead, it likely results from the interaction of multiple genes, which explains why the condition manifests differently in each individual.
This article is based on information from The Sun.