Most people do not think about the smell of their urine because it is usually mild.
However, if you suddenly notice a scent resembling popcorn, there may be several explanations. Doctors point to both harmless and more serious causes.
What is urine?
Urine is a waste product formed by the kidneys when they filter the blood.
The fluid consists primarily of water, along with salts, electrolytes, and other substances, and it passes through the urinary tract before leaving the body.
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Healthy urine is typically light yellow in color.
Normal odor can vary
When the urinary tract functions normally and you drink enough fluids, urine should not have a strong or unpleasant smell.
It may, however, have a faint ammonia-like odor, which becomes more noticeable if you are dehydrated.
There is no fixed limit for a strong odor
There is no precise medical threshold for when urine smells too strong.
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The odor largely depends on how much fluid you consume and what you eat. Certain medications and dietary supplements can also affect the smell.
Dehydration is the most common cause
If you do not drink enough water, your urine becomes more concentrated.
As waste products accumulate in higher concentrations, this can create an unusual odor that some describe as sweet or popcorn-like.
In many cases, the smell disappears once fluid intake increases.
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Diet can play a role
A high intake of popcorn or corn-based products may affect the smell of urine.
Coffee and certain spices can also alter the scent, as the body excretes chemical byproducts through the urine.
High-protein or low-carbohydrate diets
A diet high in protein or low in carbohydrates can increase the breakdown of fat in the body.
This leads to the formation of ketones, which may give the urine a sweet odor reminiscent of popcorn.
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High ketone levels in diabetes
Elevated ketone levels can produce a sweet or fruity smell, which some people perceive as popcorn-like.
This may be a sign of diabetes and, in the worst case, a symptom of diabetic ketoacidosis, a life-threatening condition.
Specific risk groups
The odor should be taken particularly seriously if you have type 1-diabetes, use SGLT2 inhibitors for diabetes, have chronic kidney disease, or experience unexplained high blood sugar levels.
Other symptoms of diabetes
If you also experience intense thirst, frequent urination, unexplained weight loss, or pronounced fatigue, you should contact a doctor to be evaluated for diabetes.
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Supplements and antibiotics
B vitamins and certain antibiotics can cause urine to have a different smell.
Urinary tract infections can do the same and are often associated with a more pungent or unusual odor.
When to seek medical attention
If the smell does not disappear after a few days despite increased fluid intake and a more balanced diet, it is recommended that you contact a doctor.
This is especially important if the odor is accompanied by symptoms such as jaundice, easy bruising, blood in the urine, pain during urination, abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, or changes in urination patterns.
Examinations by the doctor
The doctor will typically review your symptoms and may take a urine sample to measure ketones and glucose, as well as check your blood sugar levels.
You may also be tested for dehydration and urinary tract infection.
How to prevent a popcorn-like odor
You can reduce the risk by staying well hydrated so that your urine remains light yellow and by ensuring that you empty your bladder at least seven times a day.
A balanced diet with appropriate amounts of protein and healthy carbohydrates from fruit, vegetables, and whole grains may also help.
It may also be a good idea to review your medications and supplements with your doctor if you notice changes in odor.
Sources: Parade.