The Y chromosome is the smallest of the human chromosomes and contains 51 genes that produce proteins.
It is best known for its role in sex determination and sperm production.
For many years, researchers believed the chromosome had little significance for the rest of the body.
However, a research review published in Nature Reviews Genetics indicates that it may also influence other important functions, including the immune system.
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The full DNA sequence of the Y chromosome was only mapped a few years ago, providing new insights into its possible role in the body.
Disappears with age
Researchers found that many men gradually lose the Y chromosome in some of their cells as they grow older.
This means the body may consist of a mixture of cells with and without the Y chromosome.
According to data cited by Digi24, around 40 percent of 60-year-old men have lost the Y chromosome in some of their cells. Among 90-year-olds, the figure rises to 57 percent.
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Smoking and exposure to carcinogenic substances can increase the risk. Once the chromosome is lost in a cell, it does not return.
Diseases
The research shows an association between loss of the Y chromosome and several diseases.
These include cardiovascular disease, Alzheimer’s disease, kidney disease, and various forms of cancer.
However, the researchers emphasize that it has not yet been proven whether the loss directly causes disease. Further studies are needed to fully understand the connection.
Sources: Digi24, and Nature Reviews Genetics.
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