Cancer is often difficult to detect in its early stages. Biomarkers that can reveal the disease are present only in very small amounts in the blood.
As a result, many tests today require additional chemical processes in order to measure them.
In a study published in the journal Optica, researchers describe a new sensor capable of measuring extremely low concentrations without this additional amplification.
According to the researchers, this could make blood tests both faster and simpler.
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According to the study, the method could eventually be used to detect lung cancer before a tumor can be seen on a CT scan.
Tested on patients
The researchers examined the biomarker miR-21, which is associated with lung cancer.
First, the technology was tested in the laboratory. It was then evaluated in serum from patients to simulate a real blood sample.
The results showed that the sensor was able to detect very small amounts of miR-21.
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It did not respond to similar RNA strands, indicating high precision, the study states.
How the technology works
The system combines CRISPR technology, DNA structures, and small light particles known as quantum dots.
When the correct biomarker is present, a light signal changes and can be measured.
The technology is based on a specific light phenomenon that produces very little background noise. This makes it possible to detect even very weak signals.
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The researchers hope that, in the long term, the method can be used in portable equipment in hospitals or in areas with limited resources.
Sources: Science Daily, and Optica.
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