For many, alcohol is associated with comfort and social settings.
Small amounts are often considered harmless, especially when consumption is not daily.
Nevertheless, international health authorities, including the WHO, warn that alcohol always carries a health risk, even at moderate levels of consumption.
According to a systematic review published in the journal Cancer Epidemiology and reported by Florida Atlantic University, the link between alcohol and cancer is more complex than it is often portrayed.
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The review compiled and analyzed results from 62 U.S. studies.
Not everyone faces the same risk
The review shows that the risk is not the same for everyone. People with obesity, diabetes, or a hereditary predisposition to disease are more vulnerable.
The same applies to certain groups with low incomes or limited access to healthcare.
The studies also point to differences between men and women, as well as between different types of alcohol.
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In several cases, wine and beer were associated with a higher risk of certain cancers.
At the same time, smoking and a lack of physical activity increased the overall burden on the body.
Even small amounts of alcohol can have an effect
When alcohol is broken down in the body, the substance acetaldehyde is formed. It can damage cellular DNA, disrupt hormones, and weaken the immune system.
Over time, these effects may contribute to the development of cancer, including cancers of the breast, liver, intestines, and esophagus.
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The researchers therefore emphasize that prevention is not only about avoiding heavy consumption.
Clearer health guidance, better public information, and targeted recommendations for vulnerable groups may be necessary.
Sources: Science Daily, WHO, and Cancer Epidemiology.
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