The relationship between diet and inflammatory bowel disease remains a subject of debate.
Crohn’s disease in particular has for several years been linked to modern dietary habits, but researchers have struggled to identify clear causes.
A new study now brings together existing knowledge and provides a broader overview.
What the research shows
According to a review study published in the journal Nutrients, researchers analyzed existing studies conducted between 2010 and 2025.
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They examined risk factors, biological mechanisms, and treatment approaches.
The findings show that people with a high intake of ultra-processed foods are more likely to develop Crohn’s disease.
In contrast, no clear association was found with ulcerative colitis.
The researchers emphasize that these are statistical associations and not proof that the foods directly cause the disease.
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Possible explanations
The study suggests that certain additives in ultra-processed foods may affect the gut.
This includes substances that can weaken the intestine’s protective barrier and alter the balance of gut bacteria.
Dietitian Monique Richard told Medical News Today that such imbalances may promote inflammation, which is also seen in people with Crohn’s disease.
At the same time, this type of food often contains less dietary fiber and more additives.
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Important caveats
Gastroenterologist Ashkan Farhadi told Medical News Today that lifestyle factors also play a major role.
People who eat large amounts of ultra-processed food often lead busy and stressful lives and exercise less. This alone may increase the risk of disease.
Seen in a Danish context, the findings are consistent with official dietary guidelines that recommend eating more natural and less processed foods.
However, the study does not provide a definitive answer but adds another piece to the understanding of the disease.
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Sources: Medical News Today, and Nutrients.
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