Even though the world has largely moved on from the pandemic, thousands are still struggling to catch their breath. Fatigue, coughing, and shortness of breath continue to linger — for many, the virus may be gone, but the damage remains.
When breathing doesn’t return to normal
For some COVID survivors, every breath feels like a challenge. Doctors are finding that the virus has left behind subtle but lasting damage to the lungs, reducing oxygen flow in the body.
The hidden aftermath of infection
Weeks or even months after recovery, many patients still experience coughing, exhaustion, and tightness in the chest. Doctors now group these issues under the umbrella term “Long COVID.”
Who is most at risk?
Studies show that unvaccinated people, older adults, and those who required oxygen or intensive care are more likely to suffer long-term effects. Chronic conditions such as diabetes, obesity, or autoimmune disorders also increase the risk.
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When lungs lose their elasticity
In some patients, normal lung tissue becomes scarred and stiff — a condition known as pulmonary fibrosis. This makes it harder for the lungs to expand and exchange oxygen efficiently.
A constant battle for oxygen
Those affected often feel fatigued even after light activity, as their bodies struggle to get enough air. In severe cases, doctors may prescribe antifibrotic medication to slow further scarring.
Dangerous blood clots in the lungs
Blood clots, or pulmonary embolisms, remain a serious post-COVID complication. They can cause sudden shortness of breath, chest pain, or coughing up blood and require immediate medical treatment.
The cough that won’t go away
A lingering dry cough is another common complaint. Some researchers believe it’s due to inflammation of nerve pathways that trigger the cough reflex — which means nerve-calming medications and therapy can be more effective than standard cough syrup.
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When the body won’t stop fighting
Even after the infection clears, the immune system can remain hyperactive, causing inflammation in the lungs, blood vessels, and sometimes the heart. This ongoing response can prolong recovery.
Rare but serious outcomes
While most patients gradually heal, a small number experience severe complications like collapsed lungs, high blood pressure in the lungs, or airway problems that resemble asthma.
The importance of follow-up
Doctors stress that patients with persistent symptoms should have regular checkups. Imaging, oxygen monitoring, and lung function tests can help detect early signs of lasting damage before it worsens.
The path to recovery
Rehabilitation plays a vital role. Breathing exercises, light physical activity, proper nutrition, and staying up to date with vaccinations can help restore lung strength over time. Most people improve — but only if complications are recognized early.
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This article is based on information from Mathrubhumi
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