Dietary supplements are often marketed as an easy way to gain more energy, strengthen the immune system, and live longer.
However, for most people, they provide only limited benefits if the body is already receiving the nutrients it needs.
For older adults, the situation is somewhat different. As people age, their appetite may decline, and illness or medication can make it more difficult for the body to absorb important vitamins and minerals.
Not for everyone
According to researchers writing for The Conversation, supplements should only be used when there is a genuine deficiency.
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This applies in particular to vitamin B12, vitamin D, and folate, which older adults are more likely to lack than younger people.
At the same time, the researchers emphasize that several studies have found no evidence that multivitamins improve health or increase longevity in otherwise healthy individuals.
Can cause problems
Dietary supplements are not entirely risk-free. Excessive amounts of certain vitamins can be harmful, and some products may interfere with the effectiveness of medications.
For this reason, it is recommended that people first determine whether they actually have a deficiency before starting any new supplements.
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Too little protein
While many people focus on vitamins and minerals, the researchers point to something else that is often overlooked.
Many older adults do not get enough protein through their diet. This can lead to a loss of muscle mass, reduced strength, and a greater risk of falls.
The researchers therefore conclude that the most important step for many older adults is not necessarily taking more pills.
Instead, it may be ensuring adequate protein intake and maintaining a varied, balanced diet. Supplements can be useful, but only when they address a documented nutritional need.
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Sources: Science Daily and The Conversation.
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