Researchers followed more than 76,000 Swedes over a period of 19 years.
Participants regularly reported their diet and lifestyle in questionnaires, which were later compared with mortality data, according to the study published in The Journal of Nutrition.
The study includes both men and women in middle-aged and older age groups.
This provides a solid data foundation, but also means that the results do not necessarily apply to everyone.
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The data are based on participants’ self-reported information, which may affect accuracy. Therefore, the findings should be interpreted with some caution.
Health and habits
Experts emphasize that it is not individual foods that make the difference, but the overall dietary pattern.
A diet rich in vegetables, whole grains, and fish, and low in processed foods, is often associated with better health.
According to nutrition experts, this type of diet may contribute to lower blood pressure, improved cholesterol levels, and reduced inflammation in the body.
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This can reduce the risk of diseases such as cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes.
The study also shows that perfect habits are not required. Even small improvements in diet can have a positive effect over time.
Results and limitations
However, there are clear limitations. The study only shows an association and cannot prove that diet is the direct cause. Other factors such as physical activity and sleep also play a role.
The researchers have attempted to account for these factors, but it is difficult to fully separate them.
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Individuals who closely followed the Nordic dietary guidelines, which include a high intake of vegetables and lean protein sources, had a 23 percent lower risk of death from all causes.
Sources: Prevention, and The Journal of Nutrition.