When thinking about deadly diseases, people often fear fast-acting, incurable illnesses.
But in reality, it’s the slow, chronic diseases that claim the most lives worldwide.
Here’s a breakdown of the 10 most fatal diseases — and how you can protect yourself.
Ischemic heart disease
Ischemic heart disease, also known as coronary artery disease (CAD), is the number one cause of death globally.
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It occurs when blood vessels supplying the heart narrow, potentially leading to heart failure or arrhythmias.
Lifestyle changes like a healthy diet, regular exercise, and avoiding smoking can significantly reduce your risk.
Stroke
A stroke happens when blood flow to the brain is interrupted, causing brain cells to die within minutes.
This can lead to permanent disability or death if not treated quickly.
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Managing blood pressure, avoiding smoking, and maintaining an active lifestyle are key preventive strategies.
Lower respiratory infections
These include illnesses like the flu, pneumonia, and bronchitis, which primarily affect the lungs and airways.
Symptoms often include coughing, fever, and chest tightness. Handwashing, flu vaccinations, and avoiding exposure to sick individuals are vital for prevention.
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)
COPD is a progressive lung disease that makes breathing increasingly difficult. It includes chronic bronchitis and emphysema.
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The most common cause is smoking, but exposure to harmful fumes also contributes. Quitting smoking is the most effective way to prevent COPD.
Trachea, bronchus, and lung cancers
These cancers are strongly linked to tobacco use, secondhand smoke, and environmental toxins.
Developing countries with higher pollution levels are especially affected.
Avoiding tobacco and polluted environments, along with early screenings, can help improve outcomes.
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Diabetes
Diabetes disrupts the body’s ability to produce or use insulin properly. Over time, it can cause serious complications like kidney failure and blindness.
Maintaining a healthy weight, eating a balanced diet, and exercising regularly are crucial for prevention and management.
Alzheimer’s disease and other dementias
Alzheimer’s is a progressive brain disorder that impacts memory, thinking, and behavior.
While there’s no known cure, a diet rich in fruits, vegetables, and healthy fats may help delay cognitive decline. Staying socially active can also be beneficial.
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Diarrheal diseases and dehydration
Diarrhea can lead to fatal dehydration, especially in children under five. It is typically caused by contaminated food or water.
Good hygiene, access to clean water, and proper sanitation are essential defenses against these illnesses.
Tuberculosis (TB)
TB is a contagious bacterial infection that primarily affects the lungs. It’s particularly dangerous for people with weakened immune systems, like those with HIV.
Vaccination and preventive medication for those exposed to TB can drastically reduce the spread.
Cirrhosis
Cirrhosis is liver damage caused by chronic conditions like hepatitis or excessive alcohol use. Over time, scar tissue builds up, impairing liver function.
Reducing alcohol intake, avoiding risky behavior, and maintaining a healthy diet can prevent liver damage.
This article is based on information from Healthline.com.