When we think of lung cancer, smoking is the first culprit that comes to mind. But a large new study suggests that what we eat might also play a surprisingly significant role. Researchers have now found a potential link between high intake of ultra-processed foods and an increased risk of developing lung cancer.
What exactly are ultra-processed foods?
These are industrially manufactured products loaded with additives like colorings, preservatives, emulsifiers, and flavor enhancers. Think chips, soft drinks, packaged bread, instant noodles, and microwave meals.
The study that turned heads
Over 100,000 people participated in a major U.S. cancer screening study. The finding? Those who consumed the most ultra-processed foods were significantly more likely to develop lung cancer than those who ate the least.
A staggering 41% increase in risk
Participants with the highest intake of ultra-processed food showed a 41% higher risk of lung cancer compared to those in the lowest intake group — affecting both small cell and non-small cell lung cancer types.
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It’s not just about smoking
Even after accounting for smoking habits, the link between processed foods and lung cancer remained strong. That means food could be a previously overlooked factor in lung health.
Poor diet patterns go hand in hand
Those eating the most processed food were also consuming less fresh fruit, vegetables, and whole grains — foods known to help lower cancer risk. It paints a picture of an overall unhealthy dietary pattern.
Food additives under the microscope
Some commonly used additives like glutamate and carrageenan may disrupt gut or lung microbiota, potentially increasing inflammation or cellular damage linked to cancer risk.
Contaminants in processing and packaging
Industrial food processing and packaging may introduce carcinogenic compounds into the products — a possible contributor to long-term cancer risk.
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Correlation ≠ causation
Importantly, the researchers highlight that this was an observational study. It shows an association — not proof — that ultra-processed foods cause lung cancer. Still, the correlation is worth investigating further.
Missing data clouds the picture
The study lacked detailed information about how long or heavily participants smoked, as well as their occupational exposure to harmful substances — both major risk factors for lung cancer.
Still a strong case for cutting back
Even with limitations, the research aligns with a growing body of evidence pointing to the harms of ultra-processed foods. Reducing these in favor of more whole, minimally processed ingredients could benefit overall health — and possibly lower cancer risk.
No reason to panic — but reason to rethink
Experts agree: this study doesn’t call for alarm, but it does support the ongoing advice to limit highly processed food. Whether it's heart disease, diabetes, or now possibly cancer, the case for real food is growing stronger.
Also read: This Ultra-Processed Food Is Actually Good for You – Here's Why
This article is based on information from Medical News Today
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