Walking into a gym today often feels like stepping into a small marketplace. Shakers rattle, tubs of powder line lockers, and advice is handed out as freely as dumbbells. Everyone seems to have a shortcut to better results.
For many people who lift weights, supplements promise progress without extra hours under the bar.
But behind the colourful labels and confident claims, researchers have been quietly testing what actually makes a difference.
A recent review of scientific studies has cut through the noise, separating measurable effects from wishful thinking.
Also read: Frozen pizza may increase the risk of heart problems, according to dietitians
What actually works
The researchers examined commonly used supplements and compared them with controlled training studies. Their conclusion was clear: only a small group consistently shows an effect.
Evidence supports the use of creatine, caffeine and bicarbonate, all of which have been linked to improved performance in strength or high-intensity exercise.
These substances appear to help the body produce energy or tolerate fatigue for slightly longer periods.
Even so, the scientists stress that these effects are supportive rather than transformative. Training quality, recovery and overall diet still matter far more than anything mixed into a shaker.
Also read: Study tracks ADHD traits and long-term physical health outcomes
What falls short
Many popular products did not live up to their reputation when scrutinised under scientific conditions.
Protein powders, antioxidants and so-called pre-workout blends showed no clear advantage for strength training outcomes in the reviewed research.
That does not mean these products are harmful or useless in every context. Protein intake, for example, can be met through normal food, making extra supplementation unnecessary for most people who already eat well.
The researchers also warned that expectations often exceed reality, especially when marketing blurs the line between convenience and performance.
Also read: Nutrition expert: Protein products are not necessary
Risks and reality
Beyond effectiveness, safety was another concern raised by the researchers. Supplements bought from poorly regulated or questionable websites may contain undeclared substances, including compounds banned under anti-doping rules.
The review underlines a broader message: no supplement replaces consistent training and sensible nutrition. At best, a few products offer marginal gains; at worst, they introduce unnecessary risks.
For gym-goers chasing progress, science suggests focusing less on the cupboard and more on the programme.
Source: TV2 and Berlingske
Also read: Researchers identify possible link between kidney disease and heart damage
Also read: Scientists explore a gentler way to protect memory in Alzheimer’s