New international health data highlight clear patterns in where cancer most frequently develops. Certain organs account for a large share of global diagnoses, influenced by age, lifestyle, infections and environmental exposure.
Lung cancer
Lung cancer begins in the lining of the bronchi and smaller airways. It is more common among people exposed over time to tobacco smoke or polluted air.
Breast cancer
Breast cancer forms in the ducts and lobules of the breast. Hormonal activity in this tissue plays a role in how the disease develops.
Colorectal cancer
Colorectal cancer arises in the epithelial lining of the colon and rectum. These tissues undergo constant cell renewal, which contributes to the risk of abnormal growth.
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Prostate cancer
Prostate cancer develops in the glandular tissue of the prostate. It is most frequently diagnosed in older men.
Liver cancer
Liver cancer starts in liver cells and is often linked to chronic liver disease, viral infections or prolonged exposure to harmful chemicals.
Stomach cancer
Stomach cancer originates in the stomach’s mucosal lining. Dietary factors and persistent infection with Helicobacter pylori are associated with increased risk.
Genetic mutations
Cancer develops when damage occurs in the genetic material that controls cell division. These mutations may be inherited or acquired over time.
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Chronic infections
Infections such as hepatitis B and C, human papillomavirus and Helicobacter pylori can raise the likelihood of certain cancers.
Harmful exposures
Long term contact with carcinogens in tobacco smoke, industrial chemicals or contaminated food contributes to cancer development. Ionising radiation from medical, environmental or workplace sources can also increase risk.
Age and lifestyle
The likelihood of cancer rises after the age of 50 as cellular damage accumulates and repair processes slow down. Smoking, heavy alcohol use, obesity, low physical activity and diets high in processed or red meat further elevate risk.
Prevention
Preventive steps include quitting smoking, avoiding secondhand smoke and receiving vaccines against hepatitis B and HPV. A diet rich in vegetables, fruits and whole grains, maintaining a healthy weight and limiting alcohol are also important measures.
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Early detection
Imaging tests such as X ray, CT, MRI and ultrasound can help identify cancer at earlier stages. Endoscopy, biopsies, blood tests for tumour markers and population screening programmes including mammography, colonoscopy and PSA testing improve early diagnosis.
Treatment
Treatment depends on the organ involved, the stage of the tumour and the patient’s overall health. Options include surgery, radiotherapy, chemotherapy, targeted therapy, immunotherapy, hormonal therapy and palliative care focused on symptom relief and quality of life.
Sources: Times of India
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