Artificial and low-calorie sweeteners are found in many sugar-free products.
For many years, they have been regarded as a healthier choice because they provide a sweet taste without adding many calories.
Now, a new review of existing research, published in the journal Current Atherosclerosis Reports, suggests there may be reason to examine their effects more closely, HealthDay reports.
The gut may play a role
The researchers reviewed 21 clinical trials in which artificial sweeteners were compared with water or a placebo.
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This allowed them to better assess the sweeteners' direct effects on the body, according to HealthDay.
The researchers also suggest that changes in gut bacteria may be one possible explanation.
Previous research has shown that some artificial sweeteners may affect the gut microbiome.
Not without risk
Artificial and low-calorie sweeteners were associated with higher fasting insulin levels, higher HbA1c levels, which reflect average blood sugar levels over time, and a trend toward lower insulin sensitivity.
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At the same time, the researchers conclude that sweeteners may still be a better choice than consuming large amounts of sugar, but they should not be regarded as entirely risk-free.
The review also found an association between a high intake of artificial sweeteners and an increased risk of conditions such as type 2 diabetes and heart disease.
However, the researchers emphasize that more research is needed before it can be determined whether the sweeteners themselves are responsible.
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