Allergic reactions such as sneezing, itching, and nasal congestion are often caused by particles like dust mites, pollen, and pet dander.
For many allergy sufferers, an air purifier seems like a logical investment, but the results are mixed.
Several studies have examined the effects of air purifiers equipped with HEPA filters, which can capture microscopic particles in the air.
A 2020 study published in the Yonsei Medical Journal found that using air purifiers in both the living room and bedroom reduced allergy-triggering particles and decreased the need for medication.
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However, a larger 2024 review published in Indoor Air indicated that improvements in quality of life and respiratory function were modest.
The findings across studies were inconsistent, and researchers concluded that further research is needed to establish firm conclusions.
Overall, current evidence suggests that air purifiers may help ease allergy symptoms but should not replace medical treatment.
How does an air purifier work?
An air purifier filters air through a dense mesh material that traps small particles.
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HEPA filters are particularly effective, capturing 99.97 percent of all particles measuring 0.3 microns or larger, equivalent to only three out of 10,000 particles passing through.
A 2011 review published in Current Allergy and Asthma Reports concluded that the effectiveness of air purifiers depends on factors such as filter type, maintenance, and household conditions.
The technology has clear limitations: air purifiers can only remove airborne allergens.
Dust, pet hair, and pollen that have settled on floors, furniture, or bedding still require regular cleaning.
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Experts therefore emphasize that an air purifier should be viewed as a complementary measure, not a standalone solution.
What else can you do?
In addition to using an air purifier, allergy symptoms can be reduced by maintaining a clean and well-ventilated home.
Vacuuming with a HEPA-equipped cleaner, washing bedding frequently, and airing out rooms with fresh outdoor air are essential steps.
It is also recommended to keep indoor humidity below 50 percent and avoid smoking indoors.
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If you have pets, grooming them outside and washing their bedding regularly can help.
Showering at night can also be beneficial, as it removes pollen and allergens before you go to bed.
This article is based on information from Verywell Health, Yonsei Medical Journal, Indoor Air og Current Allergy and Asthma Reports.