Most people pick it up early in life and never think about it again. It stays hidden in the body, usually causing no trouble.
But for a small number of people, this common virus has been linked to cancer and multiple sclerosis. Now researchers in the United States report a breakthrough that could one day help stop it.
Laboratory breakthrough
According to News.ro, scientists at the Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center in Seattle have developed fully human monoclonal antibodies that can prevent the Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) from infecting immune cells. The findings were published in Cell Reports Medicine.
EBV infects roughly 95% of adults worldwide. Although most cases are mild or symptom-free, the virus has long been associated with certain cancers and, more recently, with multiple sclerosis.
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Using genetically engineered mice capable of producing human antibodies, the team identified candidates targeting two viral proteins that allow EBV to attach to and enter cells.
In preclinical experiments, one antibody completely blocked infection in mice with humanised immune systems, while another provided partial protection.
High-risk patients
The discovery could be particularly important for transplant recipients, who take immunosuppressive drugs and face a higher risk of severe EBV-related complications, including post-transplant lymphoproliferative disorder, a serious form of lymphoma.
There is currently no approved therapy to prevent EBV infection or reactivation in these patients. Researchers hope antibody-based treatments could reduce complications without compromising transplanted organs.
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The centre has filed patent applications and is working with partners to advance the therapy toward human trials.
MS connection
EBV has been classified as a Group 1 carcinogen for decades. Growing evidence also links it to multiple sclerosis, though infection alone is not enough to cause the disease.
No vaccine is currently available, but scientists say targeting the virus directly may open new paths for prevention and treatment.
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