Most parents assume that if their child brushes their teeth and avoids too many sugary treats, their permanent teeth will grow in healthy. But dentists say that isn't always the case.
According to researchers Nuno Vibe Hermann and Susanne Durhuus-Andersen from the Department of Odontology at the University of Copenhagen, writing for Videnskab.dk, a little-known condition called Molar Incisor Hypomineralisation (MIH) affects a surprisingly large number of children.
A hidden condition
Unlike tooth decay, MIH develops before permanent teeth erupt. During tooth development, the enamel does not harden properly, leaving teeth weaker from the start.
The condition often causes white, yellow or brown patches on the teeth. Many children experience pain when brushing or eating hot and cold foods, while the fragile enamel makes teeth more vulnerable to cavities and breakage.
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Researchers estimate that around one in every three to five children in Scandinavia is affected.
Scientists are still searching
There is no single explanation for why MIH develops. Instead, experts believe it results from a combination of factors during early childhood.
Current research is investigating possible links with childhood illnesses, repeated antibiotic use, pregnancy or birth complications, environmental influences and genetic susceptibility.
Parents cannot prevent MIH through brushing or diet because the condition develops before the teeth appear.
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Early care is important
Treatment depends on how severely the teeth are affected. Dentists may recommend fluoride treatments, protective coatings, fillings or crowns to strengthen damaged teeth and reduce discomfort. In severe cases, removing a tooth may be the best option.
Researchers say more long-term studies are needed to understand what causes MIH and how children can receive the most effective treatment. Detecting the condition early can help protect teeth, reduce pain and improve long-term oral health.
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