There is something deeply calming about sinking into a tub of warm water after a long day. Muscles loosen, breathing slows, and the body begins to unwind.
For some people, that daily ritual may offer more than relaxation. Emerging research suggests it could also play a role in managing high blood pressure.
A scientific review published in the Journal of Applied Physiology has examined existing studies on hot water immersion.
Led by Dr. Priyom Bose and colleagues, the review evaluates both the short-term and potential long-term effects of repeated warm bathing.
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An old tradition
Using heat as therapy is nothing new. Across cultures, from Japanese hot springs to Nordic bathing traditions, warm water has long been associated with restoration and wellbeing.
In modern research, hot water immersion typically refers to sitting in water heated to around 39–40°C. At these temperatures, core body temperature rises, blood vessels widen, and overall resistance in the circulatory system temporarily drops.
According to the review, this widening of blood vessels can lower blood pressure during immersion. Increased blood flow along vessel walls may also trigger beneficial adaptations over time.
What the research shows
High blood pressure affects more than 30 percent of adults worldwide and significantly increases the risk of heart disease, stroke, and kidney damage.
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Even a 10 mmHg reduction in systolic blood pressure has been linked to meaningful reductions in cardiovascular events.
Several small studies suggest that repeated hot water immersion may reduce resting blood pressure and heart rate, particularly in older adults and in people already receiving treatment for high blood pressure.
However, the authors caution that many of these studies involve limited sample sizes and often do not use 24-hour ambulatory monitoring, considered the gold standard for assessing sustained blood pressure changes. As a result, the durability of the effect remains uncertain.
Who may benefit
Evidence appears more consistent among older adults and individuals with type 2 diabetes or vascular conditions. Findings in younger, healthy individuals are more mixed.
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The researchers stress that warm bathing should be viewed as a potential complement to medication and regular physical activity, not a replacement. Moderate temperatures and reasonable session lengths are generally advised to reduce risk.
Overall, the review highlights promising signals, but also clear gaps in the evidence that require further investigation.
Sources: News Medical and Physiology Journals
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