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How long each skin type can stay in the sun

The sun is an important source of vitamin D, but spending too much time in the sun without protection increases the risk of both sunburn and skin cancer.

How long you can safely stay in the sun depends on both your skin type and the UV index, according to Netdoktor.

The sun can be healthy in moderation

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The sun helps the body produce vitamin D, but it is important not to get too much sun exposure.

A lack of protection can lead to sunburn and increase the risk of skin cancer.

Your skin type makes a big difference

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The amount of time you can spend in the sun depends on your skin type.

Skin types are classified based on how easily the skin becomes sunburned.

Skin type 1 is very sensitive

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People with skin type 1 always get sunburned and almost never develop a tan.

Skin type 2 burns easily

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People with skin type 2 burn easily, but their skin is also capable of tanning.

Skin type 3 can develop a moderate tan

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This skin type tans relatively easily but can still become sunburned if proper care is not taken in the sun.

Skin type 4 tolerates more sun

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People with skin type 4 can tolerate a significant amount of sun and, according to Netdoktor, do not get sunburned after one hour of sun exposure.

After seven days of sun exposure, the skin develops a deep tan.

Skin types 5 and 6 have very dark pigmentation

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Skin types 5 and 6 are characterized by very dark pigmentation and, according to Netdoktor, do not get sunburned.

The UV index affects how long you can stay in the sun

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The amount of time your skin can tolerate without protection depends on both your skin type and the UV index.

The times listed below apply to a UV index of 7.

Skin type 1

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At a UV index of 7, people with skin type 1 can stay in the sun without protection for approximately 15 minutes.

Skin type 2

Sunbathing
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People with skin type 2 can stay in the sun without protection for around 20 minutes at a UV index of 7.

Skin type 3

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For skin type 3, the recommended maximum time without protection is 25 minutes at a UV index of 7.

Skin type 4

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People with skin type 4 can stay in the sun without protection for approximately 40 minutes at a UV index of 7.

Skin types 5 and 6

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People with skin types 5 and 6 can stay in the sun without protection for up to 55 minutes at a UV index of 7.

Dark skin also requires care

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Although people with skin types 4 to 6 typically do not get sunburned and have a lower risk of skin cancer and melanoma, it is still not healthy to spend long periods in direct sunlight.

Netdoktor also emphasizes that direct sun exposure causes just as many wrinkles in these skin types as it does in skin types 1 to 3.

Rare tick-borne illness sees unusual increase across the U.S.

Warm weather encourages millions of people to spend more time outdoors, but it also marks the peak of tick season. While Lyme disease is often the best-known concern, researchers say another, far rarer infection has begun attracting renewed attention.

According to the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), with figures highlighted by Fox News, Powassan virus has been identified in significantly more patients this year than has typically been seen, reports UNILAD.

Although infections remain uncommon, specialists are watching the trend closely because the disease can become severe and there is no targeted treatment.

Different from Lyme disease

One reason the virus has drawn attention is the speed at which it may spread. Unlike Lyme disease, which usually requires a tick to remain attached for many hours before transmission occurs, Powassan virus may be passed on much sooner after a bite.

Health officials say this makes preventing tick bites especially important, particularly in areas where infected ticks are known to live. Most reported infections have been linked to the Great Lakes region and the northeastern United States.

An unusual increase

Powassan virus was first identified in Canada in 1958 and has long been considered one of North America’s rarest tick-borne diseases. However, U.S. surveillance data show 76 confirmed cases during 2025, well above the historical average of roughly seven reported annually.

Not everyone who becomes infected develops symptoms, and illness may not appear until weeks after exposure. When symptoms do occur, they often begin with:

  • Fever
  • Headache
  • Vomiting
  • Weakness

In some patients, the infection progresses to inflammation of the brain or surrounding tissues, causing seizures, confusion, speech difficulties and loss of coordination. According to the CDC, about one in ten people who develop severe neurological disease die, while many survivors experience lasting neurological problems.

No specific cure

Doctors currently treat Powassan virus by managing symptoms rather than eliminating the infection itself. Patients with serious complications may require hospital care, including breathing support, intravenous fluids and treatment to reduce swelling in the brain.

Because there is no vaccine or specific antiviral therapy, public health agencies continue to recommend insect repellent, protective clothing and careful tick checks after spending time in grassy or wooded areas.

Research: Sugar-free soft drinks are not necessarily a healthier alternative

Many people choose sugar-free soft drinks because they contain fewer calories and no sugar.

However, a British study suggests that sugar-free soft drinks may not be as harmless as many people believe.

The study, published in the European Journal of Gastroenterology & Hepatology and cited by SosialNytt, followed more than 120,000 adults for over ten years.

The researchers emphasize that the study only shows an association and does not prove that soft drinks are the direct cause of the disease.

What is fatty liver disease?

Fatty liver disease, also known as MASLD, occurs when fat accumulates in the liver.

Many people experience no symptoms, and the condition is often discovered only through a blood test or another medical examination, according to SosialNytt.

The researchers point out that both sugar-sweetened and sugar-free soft drinks may affect the body, although in different ways.

They therefore believe that further research is needed to better understand the association.

The findings

The researchers found that people who drank more than 250 grams of a sweetened beverage every day had a higher risk of developing fatty liver disease.

The risk was about 50 percent higher for those who drank regular soft drinks and about 60 percent higher for those who drank sugar-free soft drinks.

At the same time, the study showed that people who replaced soft drinks with water had a lower risk of developing fatty liver disease.

Why are people left- or right-handed? New study offers a answer

Researchers studied healthy adults by asking them to perform various tasks using both arms.

Among other tasks, participants were asked to reach for targets under normal conditions, while carrying extra weight, and while using a tool that required a high level of precision.

Their movements were measured using specialized equipment, according to the study published in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.

The results showed that there was almost no difference between the arms during the easier tasks.

Only when the tasks became more demanding did the preferred arm perform better, according to HealthDay.

Another test

The researchers also asked participants to write using both their hands and their elbows.

In this test, there was no difference between the right and left elbows because neither had performed the task before.

After a short period of practice, both elbows improved at the same rate.

According to the University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), this suggests that practice plays a major role in determining how skilled an arm becomes at performing specific movements.

The dominant hand

For many years, researchers have believed that a dominant hemisphere of the brain was the primary explanation for whether a person becomes right- or left-handed.

Previous research has also shown that hand preference may develop before birth.

However, the new study suggests that the difference between the right and left hand is mainly shaped through many years of practice and use.

The researchers believe that this knowledge could help improve rehabilitation for people who need to relearn motor skills after, for example, a stroke or a brain injury.

Early puberty may raise the risk of depression

Growing up at a different pace than classmates is often seen as a normal part of childhood. But new research suggests that entering puberty earlier than most peers may have consequences that go beyond physical development.

A large Danish study from Aarhus University has found that children who experience puberty earlier than their peers face a higher risk of developing depressive symptoms and being diagnosed with depression later in adolescence, reports Ritzau.

The research followed more than 16,000 Danish children and teenagers over several years and was led by PhD researcher Thea Emily Benson and Professor Cecilia Ramlau-Hansen from the Department of Public Health.

Girls face the strongest link

The findings show the association was strongest among girls. Those who developed breasts or experienced their first menstrual period earlier than most girls their age were more likely to later receive a diagnosis of depression.

The study also found an increased risk among boys. Earlier pubic hair growth, an earlier first ejaculation and an earlier voice change were all associated with a greater likelihood of depressive symptoms or a depression diagnosis compared with boys who entered puberty at a more typical age.

  • Girls with earlier breast development had a 27% higher risk of depression.
  • Early menstruation was linked to a 36% higher risk.
  • Boys with earlier pubic hair growth had a 66% higher risk of receiving a depression diagnosis.
  • Early first ejaculation was associated with a 51% higher risk, while an earlier voice change was linked to more moderate to severe depressive symptoms.

More research is needed

The researchers stress that early puberty does not mean a child will inevitably develop depression. Instead, the findings show that the risk is higher than among young people who begin puberty around the same time as most of their peers.

The next step is to determine which biological and social factors may explain the relationship. The research team also hopes to establish whether the increased risk continues into adulthood or is mainly limited to the teenage years.

The findings highlight the importance of paying close attention to the mental wellbeing of children who mature earlier than expected, allowing families, schools and healthcare professionals to identify potential challenges at an earlier stage.

Danny Glover’s daughter reveals the first signs before his Alzheimer’s diagnosis

Danny Glover’s daughter noticed subtle changes long before his diagnosis, highlighting how Alzheimer’s can begin almost unnoticed, reports LADbible.

The first signs were easy to miss

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According to his daughter, the earliest changes were not major memory lapses but small differences in the stories Danny Glover would tell.

His stories began to change

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Mandisa Glover noticed that her father often spoke about his parents, but over time certain details were missing from stories she had heard many times before.

The family became concerned

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The missing details led Mandisa to wonder whether there was an underlying reason for the changes she was noticing.

The diagnosis came later

Dementia
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Danny Glover was diagnosed with Alzheimer’s disease in 2023.

Alzheimer’s affects memory

Dementia
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The disease is the most common form of dementia and can affect memory, thinking and behaviour.

It develops gradually

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Symptoms usually become more noticeable over time, although the progression varies from person to person.

Memory is not lost all at once

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Danny Glover says he still has many vivid memories and that there are moments he knows he will never forget.

Coming to terms with the diagnosis takes time

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The actor says he is still working to fully accept every aspect of living with Alzheimer’s.

Some days are different than others

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According to Mandisa, there are times when her father is fully aware of his condition and other times when he is not.

The family continues to explore treatment options

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Danny Glover and his family are continuing to work with his doctors to look at available treatment options.

He wants to remain active

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Despite the diagnosis, Glover says he does not see it as the end of his life and wants to continue working and contributing to his community.

Alzheimer’s can have several early symptoms

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The article notes that early symptoms may include memory problems, difficulties with thinking and reasoning, language problems, changes in how a person sees and hears things, and changes in mood.

Should you choose sausages or hamburgers for the grill? Dietitians have the answer

Both sausages and hamburgers can be part of a balanced diet when eaten in moderation.

According to Real Simple, a healthier barbecue meal also depends on the side dishes.

Vegetables, whole-grain bread, and lower-fat toppings can make the meal more nutritious.

At the same time, the National Cancer Institute advises avoiding overcooking meat on the grill, as heavily charred meat can produce compounds that may be harmful.

An important difference

Sausages provide protein as well as several vitamins and minerals.

However, they are typically more processed than hamburgers and generally contain higher amounts of salt, saturated fat, and preservatives.

The World Health Organization (WHO) has concluded that processed meat may increase the risk of cancer, according to Real Simple.

For that reason, many experts recommend eating sausages only occasionally.

Experts point to one winner

Hamburgers also provide protein, iron, and vitamin B12. Choosing lean ground beef further reduces the amount of saturated fat.

According to three registered dietitians interviewed by Real Simple, a hamburger made from lean ground beef is the healthier option.

It typically contains more protein, less salt, and fewer additives than a typical grilled sausage.

It is also less processed, which all the sources agree is the healthier choice.

Older coronavirus variant reappears in several countries

Today, coronavirus behaves more like other respiratory viruses, with limited fluctuations in infection levels, and the population’s overall immunity has reduced the risk of major waves of transmission.

According to Denmark’s Statens Serum Institut and Professor Allan Randrup Thomsen of the University of Copenhagen, the disease has also become milder than it was during the first years of the pandemic, TV 2 reports.

Researchers emphasize, however, that the virus continues to evolve through mutations, meaning future developments cannot be predicted with certainty.

The Statens Serum Institut believes that ongoing surveillance remains necessary.

Mutations change the picture

International surveillance data show that a variant originating from Omicron BA.3 has been detected again after several years.

According to researchers, the variant may have evolved over an extended period in a chronically infected patient in South Africa, where the virus had the opportunity to mutate gradually.

The current variant differs from the original by more than 40 additional mutations.

It was first identified in surveillance samples in 2024 and has since spread to several countries.

Unusual pattern

The most unusual aspect of these developments is not the severity of the disease, but who is becoming infected.

According to the Statens Serum Institut, a higher proportion of infected children is being observed than before, particularly among the youngest age groups, who have lower immunity to earlier Omicron variants.

At the same time, the institute assesses that the variant does not cause more severe illness than other known variants, and a new major wave of infections is not expected.

How to protect your hearing if you fall asleep wearing headphones

Many people use headphones in the evening to relax or block out noise, but according to the Cleveland Clinic, it is a good idea to avoid using noise cancellation while sleeping.

The feature can make it harder to hear important sounds in the event of an emergency.

Experts also told that the volume should not be too high, according to Express.

A sleep timer can be a good solution, as it automatically stops the music or podcast once you have fallen asleep.

Keep them clean

Over time, headphones collect earwax, sweat, and dirt. This can increase the risk of ear irritation and infections.

For that reason, the Cleveland Clinic recommends cleaning them at least once a week.

DeafblindUK also recommends keeping the volume between 60 and 85 decibels.

If the sound level is around 100 decibels, listening should be limited to no more than 15 minutes.

Signs to watch for

Hearing loss can appear in several ways. For example, you may find it difficult to hear what other people are saying, especially in noisy environments.

Some people also find themselves frequently asking others to repeat themselves, turning up the volume on the television or music, or becoming tired from trying to follow conversations.

According to the Cleveland Clinic, sleeping with headphones is not necessarily harmful.

However, if you experience pain, notice changes in your hearing, or develop signs of an infection, you should stop using headphones at night and consult a doctor.

How hot water can affect your body if you drink it in the morning

A simple morning habit may give your digestive system better conditions to function, according to a gastroenterologist, reports Real Simple.

Morning offers the best conditions

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If you want to drink hot water, gastroenterologist Omar Khokhar recommends doing so in the morning. At that time of day, the colon is naturally more active.

Your body’s hormones play a role

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When you wake up, cortisol levels are higher than later in the day. This may help increase bowel movement slightly.

It’s about creating better conditions

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Hot water does not force your digestive system to work. Instead, it may create a more favorable environment for digestion.

Your intestinal muscles may relax

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The warmth can help the smooth muscles in the stomach and intestines relax, making it easier for food and waste to move through the digestive tract.

A glass of water can stimulate bowel activity

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Simply drinking water can stimulate the stomach, which may help encourage activity in the intestines.

Digestion may become more efficient

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According to the gastroenterologist, hot water may make stomach contents and the protective mucus layer slightly thinner, allowing digestion to move along more smoothly.

Fewer slowdowns during digestion

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When digestion flows more easily, there may be fewer points where the process slows down.

A gentler option for sensitive stomachs

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People with sensitive digestive systems may find it easier to stay hydrated with hot water than with very cold drinks.

Ice cold drinks may cause discomfort

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For some people, very cold liquids can trigger bloating or stomach cramps, while hot water is less likely to have that effect.

A little lemon may help

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Adding a small amount of lemon to hot water may provide mild stimulation of the stomach, according to the doctor.

Ginger is another option

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The gastroenterologist also highlights ginger, which may help relieve nausea and support stomach emptying.

Avoid overloading your drink

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The doctor advises against adding various powders or using large amounts of apple cider vinegar in hot water.